2 Timoteo 2
7 salin · basahin sa 12 tradisyon.
NCB · Bagong Bibliya ng Konsenso
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Kung saan nagkakasundo ang mga tradisyon
Interpretations of 2 Timothy 2 are heavily disputed, particularly regarding church governance, with traditions divided over whether the command to entrust teachings establishes a formal succession of apostolic authority and a historic episcopate or serves as a mandate for local, non-hierarchical discipleship. The instruction to rightly divide the word of truth is similarly debated, viewed variously as a mandate to define precise dogma against heresy, a requirement to specifically distinguish… Mag-sign in para mabasa ang ang buong pinagkaisahan →
Kung saan nagkakaiba ang mga tradisyon
The command to entrust teachings to faithful men establishes a formal succession of apostolic authority and the historic episcopate.
catholic: AFFIRM; orthodox: AFFIRM; anglican: AFFIRM; reformed: DENY; baptist: DENY; restorationist: DENY
The command to commit teachings to faithful men serves as a mandate for local, non-hierarchical discipleship and ministerial training.
orthodox: DENY; anglican: DENY; reformed: QUALIFY; baptist: AFFIRM; pentecostal: QUALIFY; restorationist: AFFIRM
The warning that Christ will deny those who deny Him demonstrates that genuine believers can fall away and lose their salvation.
reformed: DENY; baptist: QUALIFY; methodist: AFFIRM
Christ's promise to remain faithful even when believers are faithless provides objective assurance of salvation regardless of human wavering.
lutheran: AFFIRM; methodist: DENY
The warnings against vain babblings and foolish controversies mandate an avoidance of speculative theology, rigid dogmatism, and human creeds.
catholic: DENY; orthodox: DENY; anglican: QUALIFY; methodist: QUALIFY; restorationist: AFFIRM
The command to rightly divide the word of truth is a pastoral mandate to articulate precise dogma and actively separate orthodoxy from heresy.
catholic: AFFIRM; orthodox: AFFIRM; oriental-orthodox: AFFIRM; anglican: QUALIFY; reformed: QUALIFY; restorationist: QUALIFY
The command to rightly divide the word of truth specifically necessitates the theological and homiletical distinction between Law and Gospel.
lutheran: AFFIRM; restorationist: QUALIFY
The command to rightly divide the word of truth functions as a mandate for rigorous, systematic exposition of Scripture to guard against fanatical or spiritualizing extremes.
anglican: QUALIFY; baptist: AFFIRM; pentecostal: AFFIRM; adventist: AFFIRM
The declaration that the Lord knows those who are His provides absolute assurance of God's unconditional, secret election.
orthodox: DENY; lutheran: QUALIFY; reformed: AFFIRM; baptist: QUALIFY; methodist: DENY
The great house containing both honorable and dishonorable vessels proves that the visible church on earth is necessarily a mixed body of saints and sinners.
catholic: AFFIRM; orthodox: AFFIRM; anglican: AFFIRM; lutheran: AFFIRM; reformed: AFFIRM; baptist: DENY; anabaptist: DENY
The command to separate from dishonorable vessels requires the visible church to exercise strict discipline and the ban to maintain a pure communion.
catholic: DENY; anglican: DENY; lutheran: DENY; reformed: QUALIFY; baptist: AFFIRM; anabaptist: AFFIRM
The vessels of varying honor represent mutable spiritual states that can be transformed from dishonor to honor through human free will and repentance.
orthodox: AFFIRM; lutheran: DENY; reformed: DENY; methodist: AFFIRM
The command to purge oneself to become a vessel of honor teaches that believers can actively attain entire sanctification and Christian perfection in this life.
reformed: QUALIFY; methodist: AFFIRM
The assertion that God may grant opponents repentance proves that conversion is an entirely monergistic gift of divine grace, refuting human free will in spiritual matters.
orthodox: DENY; lutheran: AFFIRM; reformed: AFFIRM; methodist: DENY
While repentance is initiated by prevenient grace, it ultimately requires the believer's active cooperation to escape the devil's snare.
orthodox: QUALIFY; lutheran: DENY; reformed: DENY; methodist: AFFIRM
Kung paano ito binabasa ng bawat tradisyon
Ang bawat pagbasa ay ginawa nang hiwalay — walang tradisyon na nakakakita sa sagot ng iba.
Catholic
The apostle Paul exhorts Timothy to be strengthened in grace and to entrust the apostolic message to reliable teachers who can pass it on (vv. 1-2). Utilizing the metaphors of a single-minded soldier, a rule-abiding athlete, and a hardworking farmer (vv. 3-6), Paul illustrates the cost and reward of ministerial labor. He grounds this endurance in the resurrected Christ (v. 8) and quotes an early Christian 'faithful saying' about dying, living, enduring, and reigning with Christ (vv. 11-13). Timothy is instructed to correctly handle the word of truth and avoid ruinous chatter like that of Hymenaeus and Philetus, who claim the resurrection is already past (vv. 14-18). Concluding with the image of a 'great house' containing diverse vessels (vv. 20-21), Paul calls Timothy to personal purity, avoiding youthful passions, and instructing opponents with gentleness in the hope of their repentance (vv. 22-26). Reception: In the Catholic tradition, this chapter is foundational for the doctrines of Sacred Tradition, apostolic succession, and ecclesiology. Verse 2 provides a primary scriptural warrant for the transmission of divine revelation. The Second Vatican Council (Dei Verbum) cites this verse to affirm that the Gospel is preserved through a continuous line of succession, as the apostles entrusted the deposit of faith to reliable men who could authentically teach others. The image of the 'great house' containing vessels of gold, silver, wood, and earth (vv. 20-21) profoundly shaped Latin ecclesiology. Augustine and Cyprian of Carthage rely heavily on this passage to defend the visible Church as a 'corpus permixtum' (a mixed body). Against schismatics who demanded a church composed only of the pure, the Latin tradition insists that the Church on earth contains both saints (vessels of honor) and sinners (vessels of dishonor) until the final judgment, and that breaking communion in the pursuit of an illusory purity is a grievous error. In the Eastern Catholic tradition, the exegetical focus often falls on the pastoral and dogmatic demands of the text. John Chrysostom interprets the metaphors of the soldier, athlete, and farmer (vv. 3-6) as requiring strict ascetic detachment from worldly affairs. Gregory of Nazianzus highlights verse 15, interpreting the command to 'rightly handle' (Greek: orthotomeo, 'cut straight') the word of truth as a mandate for precise dogmatic articulation, cutting away the gangrene (v. 17) of heresy. The 'faithful saying' (vv. 11-13) is received both sacramentally and martyrologically: dying with Christ begins in Baptism, but enduring and reigning with Him is consummated in faithful suffering for the truth.
Eastern Orthodox
In this pastoral exhortation, Paul commands Timothy to endure hardship and to entrust the apostolic message to faithful men who can teach others. Paul utilizes the metaphors of a dedicated soldier, a rule-abiding athlete, and a hardworking farmer to illustrate the discipline required of a Christian leader. He warns against the destructive, gangrenous false teachings of figures like Hymenaeus and Philetus, who claim the resurrection has already happened. Contrasting these errors with God's firm foundation, Paul describes the church as a great house containing vessels of both honor (gold, silver) and dishonor (wood, clay). He urges Timothy to purify himself to be a vessel of honor, to flee youthful passions, and to correct opponents with gentleness rather than engaging in senseless disputes. Reception: Eastern Orthodox theology reads this chapter as a foundational text for Holy Tradition (paradosis), ascetic synergism, and episcopal orthodoxy. Verse 2 is understood as the primary scriptural mandate for Apostolic Succession, describing the unbroken chain of the deposit of faith passing from the Apostle to the bishop, and from the bishop to faithful teachers. Verse 15, describing the workman 'rightly dividing the word of truth' (orthotomounta ton logon tes aletheias), is received as the definitive mark of orthodox teaching, which cuts away heresy while preserving the apostolic faith. Furthermore, the tradition strongly emphasizes human free will in its reading of verses 20-21. Against deterministic interpretations that view the vessels of gold and clay as fixed, predestined natures, Eastern patristic consensus follows John Chrysostom in asserting that a vessel of wood or clay can become a vessel of gold through repentance, ascetic purification (katharsis), and the synergistic cooperation of the human will with divine grace.
Oriental Orthodox
In this chapter, Paul charges Timothy to faithfully transmit the apostolic teaching to reliable individuals while enduring suffering. Using the metaphors of a soldier, an athlete, and a hardworking farmer, Paul emphasizes discipline, detachment from worldly affairs, and the promise of reward. He grounds this endurance in the central truth of the resurrected Christ, the descendant of David. Paul warns against false teachers who subvert the faith with vain babblings, contrasting them with the approved workman who rightly handles the word of truth. Finally, he urges Timothy to pursue purity, positioning himself as a noble vessel set apart for the Master's use, and to gently instruct those in opposition. Reception: Within the Oriental Orthodox tradition, 2 Timothy 2 is read through strongly Christological, ecclesiological, and ascetic lenses. Verse 8 ('Remember Jesus Christ, risen from the dead, of the seed of David') is a crucial text for miaphysite Christology. Cyril of Alexandria utilized this verse to defend the hypostatic union against Nestorian dualism, arguing that the one who is the 'seed of David' according to the flesh is the very same indivisible Word who conquered death, emphasizing the single subjectivity of the incarnate Christ. The instruction to 'rightly divide the word of truth' (verse 15) became the defining standard for orthodox episcopal leadership. Severus of Antioch and other non-Chalcedonian fathers invoked this verse to describe the duty of true bishops to defend the one incarnate nature of God the Word against theological innovations. Additionally, the ascetic metaphors of the 'good soldier' disentangled from the world (verses 3-4) and the purification required to become 'vessels of gold and silver' (verses 20-21) deeply inform the massive monastic traditions of Egypt, Syria, and Ethiopia, where physical withdrawal and intense purification are seen as necessary preparation for honorable service to God.
May 9 pang tradisyon na bumabasa sa kabanatang ito.
Mag-sign in para mabasa ang lahat ng 12 →Bawat salin
Ang parehong kabanata sa 7 public-domain na salin.
WEB · World English Bible
1You therefore, my child, be strengthened in the grace that is in Christ Jesus. 2The things which you have heard from me among many witnesses, commit the same things to faithful men who will be able to teach others also. 3You therefore must endure hardship as a good soldier of Christ Jesus. 4No soldier on duty entangles himself in the affairs of life, that he may please him who enrolled him as a soldier. 5Also, if anyone competes in athletics, he isn’t crowned unless he has competed by the rules. 6The farmer who labors must be the first to get a share of the crops. 7Consider what I say, and may the Lord give you understanding in all things. 8Remember Jesus Christ, risen from the dead, of the offspring of David, according to my Good News, 9in which I suffer hardship to the point of chains as a criminal. But God’s word isn’t chained. 10Therefore I endure all things for the chosen ones’ sake, that they also may obtain the salvation which is in Christ Jesus with eternal glory. 11This saying is trustworthy: “For if we died with him, we will also live with him. 12If we endure, we will also reign with him. If we deny him, he also will deny us. 13If we are faithless, he remains faithful; for he can’t deny himself.” 14Remind them of these things, charging them in the sight of the Lord that they don’t argue about words to no profit, to the subverting of those who hear. 15Give diligence to present yourself approved by God, a workman who doesn’t need to be ashamed, properly handling the Word of Truth. 16But shun empty chatter, for it will go further in ungodliness, 17and those words will consume like gangrene, of whom is Hymenaeus and Philetus: 18men who have erred concerning the truth, saying that the resurrection is already past, and overthrowing the faith of some. 19However, God’s firm foundation stands, having this seal: “The Lord knows those who are his,” and, “Let every one who names the name of the Lord depart from unrighteousness.” 20Now in a large house there are not only vessels of gold and of silver, but also of wood and of clay. Some are for honor and some for dishonor. 21If anyone therefore purges himself from these, he will be a vessel for honor, sanctified, and suitable for the master’s use, prepared for every good work. 22Flee from youthful lusts; but pursue righteousness, faith, love, and peace with those who call on the Lord out of a pure heart. 23But refuse foolish and ignorant questionings, knowing that they generate strife. 24The Lord’s servant must not quarrel, but be gentle toward all, able to teach, patient, 25in gentleness correcting those who oppose him. Perhaps God may give them repentance leading to a full knowledge of the truth, 26and they may recover themselves out of the devil’s snare, having been taken captive by him to do his will.
KJV · King James Version
1Thou therefore, my son, be strong in the grace that is in Christ Jesus. 2And the things that thou hast heard of me among many witnesses, the same commit thou to faithful men, who shall be able to teach others also. 3Thou therefore endure hardness, as a good soldier of Jesus Christ. 4No man that warreth entangleth himself with the affairs of this life; that he may please him who hath chosen him to be a soldier. 5And if a man also strive for masteries, yet is he not crowned, except he strive lawfully. 6The husbandman that laboureth must be first partaker of the fruits. 7Consider what I say; and the Lord give thee understanding in all things. 8Remember that Jesus Christ of the seed of David was raised from the dead according to my gospel: 9Wherein I suffer trouble, as an evil doer, even unto bonds; but the word of God is not bound. 10Therefore I endure all things for the elect’s sakes, that they may also obtain the salvation which is in Christ Jesus with eternal glory. 11It is a faithful saying: For if we be dead with him, we shall also live with him: 12If we suffer, we shall also reign with him: if we deny him, he also will deny us: 13If we believe not, yet he abideth faithful: he cannot deny himself. 14Of these things put them in remembrance, charging them before the Lord that they strive not about words to no profit, but to the subverting of the hearers. 15Study to shew thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth. 16But shun profane and vain babblings: for they will increase unto more ungodliness. 17And their word will eat as doth a canker: of whom is Hymeneus and Philetus; 18Who concerning the truth have erred, saying that the resurrection is past already; and overthrow the faith of some. 19Nevertheless the foundation of God standeth sure, having this seal, The Lord knoweth them that are his. And, Let every one that nameth the name of Christ depart from iniquity. 20But in a great house there are not only vessels of gold and of silver, but also of wood and of earth; and some to honour, and some to dishonour. 21If a man therefore purge himself from these, he shall be a vessel unto honour, sanctified, and meet for the master’s use, and prepared unto every good work. 22Flee also youthful lusts: but follow righteousness, faith, charity, peace, with them that call on the Lord out of a pure heart. 23But foolish and unlearned questions avoid, knowing that they do gender strifes. 24And the servant of the Lord must not strive; but be gentle unto all men, apt to teach, patient, 25In meekness instructing those that oppose themselves; if God peradventure will give them repentance to the acknowledging of the truth; 26And that they may recover themselves out of the snare of the devil, who are taken captive by him at his will.
May 5 pang salin para ikumpara nang magkatabi.
Mag-sign in para maikumpara ang lahat ng 7 →Mga pagkakaiba na nagpapabago sa kahulugan (50)
- v1 [stylistic]: archaic vs modern second-person pronoun — “Thou” (KJV, ASV, YLT, DARBY, WEBSTER, DRC) vs “You” (WEB)
- v1 [lexical]: translation of teknon (child/son) — “child” (WEB, ASV, YLT, DARBY) vs “son” (KJV, WEBSTER, DRC)
- v1 [grammatical]: passive verb vs predicate adjective — “strong” (KJV, YLT, DARBY, WEBSTER, DRC) vs “strengthened” (WEB, ASV)
- v1 [stylistic]: relative pronoun choice — “that” (WEB, KJV, ASV, YLT, WEBSTER) vs “which” (DARBY, DRC)
- v2 [lexical]: translation of the preposition 'dia' — “among” (WEB, KJV, ASV, WEBSTER) vs “through” (YLT) vs “in the presence of” (DARBY) vs “by” (DRC)
- v2 [stylistic]: phrasing and word order of the command to entrust teachings — “the same commit thou” (KJV, ASV, WEBSTER) vs “commit things” (WEB) vs “these things be committing” (YLT) vs “these entrust” (DARBY) vs “commend” (DRC)
- v2 [grammatical]: phrasing of the relative clause and future modality — “who shall” (KJV, ASV, YLT, WEBSTER, DRC) vs “will” (WEB) vs “such as” (DARBY)
- v2 [lexical]: translation of hikanoi (able/competent/fit) — “able” (WEB, KJV, ASV, WEBSTER) vs “sufficient also others” (YLT) vs “competent” (DARBY) vs “fit” (DRC)
- v5 [stylistic]: conjunction choice (except/unless) — “except” (KJV, ASV, YLT, WEBSTER, DRC) vs “unless” (WEB, DARBY)
- v6 [lexical]: translation of karpōn (fruits/crops) — “fruits” (KJV, ASV, DARBY, WEBSTER, DRC) vs “crops” (WEB) vs “to partake” (YLT)
- v7 [lexical]: translation of the imperative noei (consider/understand) — “Consider” (WEB, KJV, ASV, WEBSTER) vs “be considering” (YLT) vs “Think of” (DARBY) vs “Understand” (DRC)
- v7 [textual]: reflects manuscript variant between future ('will give') and optative ('may give') mood, alongside conjunction differences — “for” (ASV, YLT, DARBY, DRC) vs “and” (KJV, WEBSTER) vs “may” (WEB)
- v8 [lexical]: translation of spermatos (seed/offspring) — “seed” (KJV, ASV, DARBY, WEBSTER, DRC) vs “offspring” (WEB) vs “dead of the” (YLT)
- v8 [lexical]: translation of euangelion (gospel/good news) — “gospel” (KJV, ASV, WEBSTER, DRC) vs “Good News” (WEB, YLT) vs “glad tidings” (DARBY)
- v9 [stylistic]: archaic vs modern relative pronoun/adverb — “in which” (WEB, YLT, DARBY, WEBSTER) vs “Wherein” (KJV, ASV, DRC)
- v9 [grammatical]: genitive phrase vs possessive noun — “the” (KJV, ASV, YLT, DARBY, WEBSTER, DRC) vs “God’s” (WEB)
- v10 [stylistic]: phrasing of the conjunction 'dia touto' — “Therefore I endure” (WEB, KJV, ASV, WEBSTER, DRC) vs “because of this” (YLT) vs “For this cause” (DARBY)
- v10 [lexical]: translation of eklektous (elect/chosen) — “sake of the elect” (DARBY, WEBSTER, DRC) vs “chosen ones sake” (WEB) vs “elect’s sakes” (KJV) vs “sake” (ASV) vs “choice ones” (YLT)
- v11 [grammatical]: tense and aspect of the verb synapethanomen — “died” (WEB, ASV) vs “be dead with him” (KJV, DRC) vs “died together” (YLT) vs “have died together” (DARBY) vs “are” (WEBSTER)
- v11 [lexical]: (vv 11, 12) rendering of the syn- (with/together) prefix — “with him” (WEB, KJV, ASV, WEBSTER) vs “together” (YLT, DARBY) vs “also” (DRC)
- v12 [lexical]: translation of hypomenomen (endure/suffer) — “endure” (WEB, ASV, DARBY) vs “suffer” (KJV, WEBSTER, DRC) vs “do endure together” (YLT)
- v12 [stylistic]: (vv 12, 21) modal auxiliary for the future tense — “shall” (KJV, ASV, YLT, DARBY, WEBSTER, DRC) vs “will” (WEB)
- v12 [stylistic]: phrasing of the future verbal apodosis — “also will” (WEB, KJV, ASV, DARBY, WEBSTER) vs “shall” (YLT) vs “also” (DRC)
- v13 [stylistic]: phrasing and contraction of the negated modal verb — “cannot” (KJV, ASV, DARBY, WEBSTER) vs “can’t” (WEB) vs “remaineth stedfast to” (YLT) vs “can not” (DRC)
- v14 [grammatical]: participle vs noun for katastrophē — “subverting” (WEB, KJV, ASV, WEBSTER, DRC) vs “subversion” (YLT, DARBY)
- v14 [grammatical]: nominal vs relative clause phrasing for the substantival participle — “the hearers” (KJV, DARBY, WEBSTER, DRC) vs “those who hear” (WEB) vs “them that hear” (ASV) vs “those hearing” (YLT)
- v15 [lexical]: translation of spoudason (study/give diligence/strive) — “Give diligence” (WEB, ASV) vs “Study” (KJV, WEBSTER) vs “be diligent” (YLT) vs “Strive diligently” (DARBY) vs “Carefully” (DRC)
- v15 [lexical]: verb choice and reflexivity for parastēsai — “present” (ASV, YLT, DARBY, DRC) vs “present yourself” (WEB) vs “shew thyself” (KJV) vs “show” (WEBSTER)
- v15 [grammatical]: preposition translating the dative case — “unto” (KJV, ASV, DRC) vs “to” (YLT, DARBY, WEBSTER) vs “by” (WEB)
- v17 [grammatical]: singular vs plural verb agreement for a compound subject — “Hymenaeus” (WEB, YLT, DARBY) vs “is Hymeneus” (KJV, WEBSTER) vs “Hymenæus” (ASV) vs “are” (DRC)
- v18 [grammatical]: verb tense and form for anatrepousin — “overthrow” (KJV, ASV, DARBY, WEBSTER) vs “overthrowing” (WEB) vs “do” (YLT) vs “have subverted” (DRC)
- v19 [stylistic]: translation of mentoi and phrasing of the adjective — “Nevertheless the” (KJV, WEBSTER) vs “However God’s firm” (WEB) vs “Howbeit firm” (ASV) vs “sure hath” (YLT) vs “Yet firm” (DARBY) vs “But sure” (DRC)
- v19 [grammatical]: tense and relative pronoun choice for egnō — “knoweth them that” (KJV, ASV, WEBSTER) vs “knows those who” (WEB) vs “hath known those who” (YLT) vs “knows those” (DARBY) vs “who” (DRC)
- v19 [grammatical]: rendering of the present participle — “that nameth” (KJV, ASV, WEBSTER) vs “who names” (WEB, DARBY) vs “who is naming” (YLT) vs “depart from iniquity who” (DRC)
- v20 [lexical]: translation of the conjunction de (but/now/and) — “But” (KJV, DARBY, WEBSTER, DRC) vs “Now” (WEB, ASV) vs “And” (YLT)
- v20 [lexical]: translation of megalē (great/large) — “great” (KJV, ASV, YLT, DARBY, WEBSTER, DRC) vs “large” (WEB)
- v20 [grammatical]: prepositional phrase vs adjective for material composition — “of wood” (WEB, KJV, ASV, YLT, WEBSTER, DRC) vs “wooden” (DARBY)
- v20 [grammatical]: preposition and phrasing for 'eis timēn' — “to honour and” (KJV, YLT, DARBY) vs “are for honor” (WEB) vs “unto honor” (ASV) vs “honor” (WEBSTER) vs “indeed unto but” (DRC)
- v20 [grammatical]: preposition and phrasing for 'eis atimian' — “to dishonour” (KJV, YLT, DARBY) vs “for dishonor” (WEB) vs “unto dishonor” (ASV) vs “dishonor” (WEBSTER) vs “unto” (DRC)
- v21 [grammatical]: preposition choice translating 'eis' — “unto honour” (KJV, DRC) vs “to” (YLT, DARBY) vs “for honor” (WEB) vs “honor” (ASV) vs “to honor” (WEBSTER)
- v22 [stylistic]: placement and translation of the postpositive conjunction 'de' — “Flee also” (KJV, WEBSTER) vs “But” (ASV, DARBY) vs “from” (WEB) vs “and the” (YLT) vs “But thou” (DRC)
- v22 [lexical]: translation of epithymias and diōke (lusts/desires and follow/pursue) — “lusts but follow righteousness” (KJV, WEBSTER) vs “pursue” (WEB) vs “and after” (ASV) vs “flee thou and pursue” (YLT) vs “flee and pursue” (DARBY) vs “desires and pursue justice” (DRC)
- v22 [lexical]: translation of agapēn (love/charity) — “love” (ASV, YLT, DARBY) vs “charity” (KJV, WEBSTER) vs “love and” (WEB) vs “and” (DRC)
- v22 [grammatical]: phrasing of the substantival participle — “them that call on” (KJV, ASV, WEBSTER, DRC) vs “those who” (WEB) vs “those calling upon” (YLT) vs “those upon” (DARBY)
- v23 [stylistic]: placement and translation of the conjunction 'de' — “But” (KJV, ASV, DARBY, WEBSTER) vs “refuse” (WEB) vs “and the” (YLT) vs “And avoid” (DRC)
- v24 [lexical]: translation of machesthai (strive/quarrel/wrangle) — “strive” (KJV, ASV) vs “quarrel” (WEB) vs “to” (YLT) vs “to contend” (DARBY) vs “contend” (WEBSTER) vs “wrangle” (DRC)
- v24 [grammatical]: preposition choice for 'pros' — “gentle unto” (KJV, YLT) vs “towards” (ASV, DARBY) vs “toward” (WEB) vs “to” (WEBSTER) vs “mild towards” (DRC)
- v24 [lexical]: translation of anexikakon (patient/forbearing) — “patient” (WEB, KJV, WEBSTER, DRC) vs “forbearing” (ASV, DARBY) vs “under evil” (YLT)
- v25 [lexical]: translation of 'eis epignōsin' (acknowledgment/knowledge) — “to the acknowledging of” (KJV, WEBSTER) vs “leading a full knowledge” (WEB) vs “unto knowledge” (ASV) vs “an” (YLT) vs “acknowledgment” (DARBY) vs “know” (DRC)
- v26 [lexical]: translation of ananēpsōsin (recover/awake) — “recover themselves out of” (WEB, KJV, ASV, WEBSTER) vs “awake” (YLT) vs “awake up” (DARBY) vs “from” (DRC)
Sa likod ng pahinang ito
Pinagmulang teksto. Greek (TAGNT, public-domain critical text). Greek text (Nestle 1904/public domain critical text)
Mga banal na pangalan: Kyrios (Lord), Theos (God).
Kinonsulta rin, pero hindi ibinilang sa pinagkaisahan
Academic textual-historical analysis
In academic textual-historical analysis, 2 Timothy 2 is primarily read within the genre of the pseudepigraphical Pastoral Epistles (though a minority of scholars argue for genuine Pauline authorship or fragments), composed in the late first or early second century CE to address the institutionalization of the Pauline churches. The chapter employs a paraenetic (exhortatory) form. Verses 3–6 utilize standard Greco-Roman moral topoi—the soldier, the athlete, and the farmer—which were pervasive in Stoic-Cynic diatribes as illustrations of disciplined endurance. Verse 2 outlines a formalized, four-generation chain of tradition (Paul to Timothy to 'faithful men' to 'others'), moving away from charismatic authority toward an institutionalized teaching office. Philologically, verse 15 features the rare participle 'orthotomounta' (literally 'cutting straight,' translated 'rightly dividing' or 'handling aright'), emphasizing exactness in maintaining orthodox boundaries. Form critics universally identify the 'faithful saying' in verses 11–13 as a quotation of a pre-existing early Christian hymn or confession, possessing a rhythmic, conditional structure ('If we died... we will live') likely originating in baptismal or martyrological liturgy. In verses 17–18, the author names specific opponents, Hymenaeus and Philetus, whose teaching that 'the resurrection is past already' is analyzed by historians as an over-realized, spiritualized, or proto-Gnostic eschatology, likely rooted in a misapplication of Pauline baptismal theology (e.g., Romans 6) that denied a future, bodily resurrection.
Jewish interpretation
Classical Judaism does not recognize 2 Timothy or any part of the New Testament as Scripture. Consequently, there is no traditional Jewish religious reading of this chapter. Modern Jewish historians and scholars of the New Testament read this passage as a historical artifact of the late first or early second century, illustrating the developing institutional structure and consolidation of orthodox tradition in early Christianity. Scholars observe that the text relies heavily on Jewish idioms and conceptual frameworks, including the Davidic lineage requirement for the Messiah (verse 8), models of teacher-disciple transmission (verse 2), and midrashic warnings against schism (verse 19).
Latter-day Saint
In this chapter, Paul counsels Timothy on the transmission and preservation of the gospel. He uses the metaphors of a focused soldier, a rule-abiding athlete, and a hardworking farmer to illustrate the endurance required of Christian leaders (verses 3-6). Timothy is instructed to entrust Paul's teachings to reliable men capable of teaching others (verse 2), to study diligently to handle the truth correctly (verse 15), and to avoid vain babblings and doctrinal disputes that spread like gangrene, as seen in the errors of Hymenaeus and Philetus (verses 14-18). The chapter concludes with an exhortation to personal purity, urging Timothy to be a 'vessel unto honour' (verses 20-21) who gently and patiently corrects those in opposition (verses 24-25).
Jehovah's Witnesses
In this pastoral epistle, Paul exhorts Timothy to remain strong in the grace of Christ, to train faithful men who can teach others, and to endure hardship like a dedicated soldier. Paul draws analogies from soldiers, athletes, and farmers to emphasize discipline, lawful striving, and the resulting reward. He warns Timothy against useless debates and the specific false teachings of Hymenaeus and Philetus, which spread like gangrene and overthrow faith. Timothy is urged to be an approved workman handling the word of truth correctly, to separate himself from dishonorable vessels in a large house, and to maintain a gentle, patient demeanor when correcting those ensnared by the devil.
Mga piniling salin na ginawa ng NCB (25)
- v1: You — Contemporary English address.
- v1: Christ Jesus — Renders the divine name accurately.
- v1: be strengthened — Accurately renders the present passive imperative.
- v2: through — Translates the preposition with the genitive literally.
- v3: share in suffering hardship — Preserves the syn- prefix, indicating joint participation.
- v5: according to the rules — Appropriately contextualizes the adverb within the athletic metaphor.
- v7: will give — Follows the future indicative manuscript variant.
- v8: out of the dead — Maintains the alliteration of the 'ek' preposition.
- v9: evil — Retains the prefix wordplay linking to evildoer.
- v10: On account of this — Preserves the repetitive structure of the preposition.
- v11: died together — Accurately renders the syn- prefix without adding the unexpressed pronoun.
- v12: reign together — Consistently preserves the syn- prefix.
- v13: remains faithful — Maintains the cognate antonym contrast without concluding the interpretive dispute over eternal security.
- v14: to nothing useful — Modernizes the archaic phrasing while keeping the prepositional parallelism.
- v15: cutting straight — Presents a literal translation of orthotomounta, leaving room for both systematic and dispensational applications without endorsing either.
- v16: empty voices — Provides a literal rendering of the Greek compound without colloquializing.
- v18: gone astray — Captures the concept of deviating from the target.
- v19: The Lord knows — Translates the aorist verb gnōsit as a timeless gnomic truth, leaving the extent of unconditional election disputed.
- v20: for honor — Removes the archaic preposition while maintaining parallel prepositional structures.
- v21: for honor — Updates archaic vocabulary to modern standard English.
- v22: pursue — Highlights the antithesis with 'flee'.
- v23: uninstructed — Preserves the alpha-privative cognate connection with the later verb.
- v24: fight — Uses the exact cognate root corresponding to 'fights' in the prior verse.
- v25: God may give them — Leaves the divine provision of repentance open to both monergistic and cooperative readings.
- v26: return to their senses — Accurately represents the metaphor of regaining sobriety.
Mga limitasyong dapat malaman
- This is AI-generated and source-grounded, and it is approved by no community that holds these traditions.
- The readings were produced in isolated calls that do not see one another. Isolation prevents anchoring; it does not make them independent witnesses.
- The Nicene-Trinitarian boundary, and the decision not to seat non-denominational Evangelicalism separately (it is a cross-traditional movement already present within several voting profiles), are editorial choices.
- The roster, the grouping into three families, and the rule that families (not seat counts) carry consensus all shape the result. A different roster would produce a different synthesis.
- One profile cannot exhaust a tradition; the synthesis reflects what the profiles said, not everything the traditions hold.
- The non-voting panels (Academic, Jewish) never vote; LDS and Jehovah's Witness readings are a comparative appendix only.
- Any profiles excluded for this chapter after failing the audit are named on the page and removed from the eligible roster for it.
- The rendering is unreviewed by any tradition, and every contested wording it settled is listed in Choices Made — where the text forced a decision, the decision is documented rather than hidden behind a claim of preserved ambiguity.
Tingnan ang buong step-by-step na proseso → · AI-generated noong Oct 20, 2026, gemini-3.1-pro-preview (high thinking) — every stage, v4 spec + Addendum B (claim-audited, cross-stage-checked)